با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری خاکشناسی، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 دکتری خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

3 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

یکی از اثرات منفی فرسایش بادی، تلفات خاک حاصلخیز سطحی است که بهره‌وری خاک را کاهش می‌دهد. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از دستگاه شبیه‌ساز فرسایش بادی، میزان هدررفت برخی عناصر غذایی و تأثیر دو نوع تثبیت‌ کننده بر کاهش هدررفت خاک و عناصر غذایی خاک در غرب استان خوزستان در تابستان 1394 و در آزمایشگاه دانشگاه آزاد واحد اهواز بررسی شد. به‌منظور دستیابی به اهداف یادشده، دستگاه شبیه‌ساز شدت فرسایش بادی طراحی و ساخته شد. کارایی دو نوع تثبیت‌کننده (پلیمر پلی اکریل آمید و خاک‌پوش گیاهی) در چهار غلظت (صفر، 15، 30 و 60 درصد) بر سطح سه نوع خاک و سه تکرار در سرعت 47 کیلومتر بر ساعت در دستگاه شبیه‌ساز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در مجموع، 72 نمونه مورد به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد، فرسایش بادی در نمونه‌های خاک در محدوده 27.4 تا 744.7 گرم در مترمربع در دقیقه بوده است. تحلیل‌های آماری نشان داد که خاک‌های تیمار شده با تثبیت‌کننده‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری با شاهد دارند. پلیمر، هدررفت خاک را 99 درصد کاهش داد. هدررفت خاک در دو نمونه الوان و هویزه در تیمار خاک‌پوش گیاهی 98 درصد کاهش یافت. اما، در خاک بروایه در غلظت 15 و 30 درصد هدررفت خاک به­ترتیب 13 و 67 درصد کاهش یافت. میانگین هدررفت ازت، فسفر و مواد آلی به‌ترتیب به­میزان 1.59،  0.64 و 0.6 گرم در مترمربع در دقیقه طی فرسایش بادی به­دست آمد که این امر در طولانی‌مدت سبب بروز مشکلات جدی زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی برای اراضی در معرض فرسایش می‌شود. پلیمر هدررفت ازت، فسفر و مواد آلی خاک را 99 درصد کاهش داد. کاربرد خاک‌پوش گیاهی سبب کاهش 98 درصدی ازت، فسفر و مواد آلی در نمونه‌های الوان و هویزه و کاهش 56.6 درصدی این عناصر در خاک بروایه شد. تثبیت خاک‌ها با تثبیت‌کننده‌های مورد بررسی و کشت نهال‌های بومی راهکاری برای حل معضل فرسایش بادی و کاهش پدیده گرد و غبار در منطقه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Controllability of quantitative and qualitative soil loss induced by wind erosion under laboratory conditions through polymer and vegetable-based mulch

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mandana Shahnavaz 1
  • Mehdi Nourzadeh haddad 2
  • Ali Gholami 3
  • Ebrahim Panahpour 3

1 PhD, Department of Soil Science, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 -

3 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Fertile soil loss is one of the negative effects of wind erosion that reduces soil productivity. In this research, the effect of two stabilizers has been studied for reducing nutrients loss of western Khuzestan soils in the soil laboratory of Ahvaz unit of Azad University in summer 2018. For this reason, wind erosion simulator was designed and built. The effectiveness of two stabilizers (anionic polyacrylamide polymer and vegetable-based mulch), in four concentration levels (0, 15, 30 and 60 percent) on three types of soils with three replications were studied in 47 km h-1 wind speed in the wind erosion simulator. In total, 72 soil samples were examined in a Factorial test and in the form of complete random design. Results showed that wind erosion happened between 27.04 and 44.7 gr m-2 min-1. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the stabilizers and control. The polymer reduced soil loss by 99%. The vegetable-based mulch reduced soil loss more than 98% in Alvan and Hoveyzeh samples. But, in Borvayeh samples at 15 and 30 percent of concentrations soil loss has been reduced by 13 and 67 percent, respectively. The average loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter were 1.59, 0.64 and 0.6 gr m-2 min-1 that causes serious environmental and economic problems for the land exposed to erosion. The polymer reduced the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter by 99 percent. The vegetable-based mulch reduced the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter by 98 percent in Alvan and Hoveyzeh samples and 56.6 percent in Borvayeh samples. Using stabilizers with cultivation of native plants can stabilize the soil against wind erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen loss
  • Organic matter loss
  • Phosphorus loss
  • Stabilizers
  • Wind erosion simulator
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