با همکاری انجمن آبخیزداری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سازندهای مارنی به‌دلیل دارا بودن ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی نامناسب، از پوشش گیاهی ناچیزی برخوردار بوده، به شدت فرسایش‌پذیر هستند. این سازندها حدود 2000 کیلومتر مربع از اراضی شهرستان‌های سبزوار و داورزن را تشکیل می‌دهند. در این پژوهش، ویژگی‌های زمین‌شناسی، خاک‌شناسی و پوشش ‌گیاهی سازندهای مارنی شهرستان‌های سبزوار و داورزن بررسی شدند. از نظر زمین‌شناسی، در منطقه دو نوع سازند مارنی شامل سازند مارن نمکی و مارن قرمز گچ‌دار وجود دارد. شیب‌های جنوبی، غالبا فاقد پوشش بوده، میزان پوشش گیاهی بر روی شیب‌های شمالی بین صفر تا 27 درصد متغیر است. سه جنس گیاهی درمنه، سالسولا و افدرا جنس‌های گیاهی غالب عرصه‌های مارنی را تشکیل می‌دهند. به‌منظور شناخت ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمایی خاک‌های مارنی، در محدوده استقرار هر یک از سه جنس گیاهی درمنه، سالسولا و افدرا در دامنه‌های شمالی، چندین پروفیل خاک حفر شد. از هریک از پروفیل‌ها از عمق صفر تا 40 سانتی‌­متری، نمونه خاک برداشته و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که در جنس‌های گیاهی مورد بررسی، با افزایش پوشش گیاهی از 10-0 درصد به 24-10 درصد، ویژگی‌هایی از خاک نظیر هدایت ‌الکتریکی، اسیدیته، درصد ژیپس، سیلت و رس، سدیم، پتاسیم، منیزیم، کلر، سولفات، مجموع آنیون‌ها و کاتیون‌ها و نسبت جذب سدیم کاهش نشان داده و ویژگی‌هایی چون درصد کربن، نیتروژن، فسفر و درصد مواد خنثی‌­شونده و ماسه و میزان بیکربنات غالبا افزایش نشان می‌دهند. در این پژوهش، تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS صورت گرفت. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که جنس‌های گیاهی درمنه و افدرا به‌­ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین درصد پوشش گیاهی بوده و این تفاوت از نظر آماری با استفاده از آزمون دانکن معنی‌دار است. ضمنا میزان شوری و گچ موجود در خاک مارنی از مهمترین عواملی است که در میزان استقرار پوشش گیاهی نقش به‌­سزایی ایفا می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of soil and vegetation cover charachtristics on marl formations, case study: Sabzevar marls

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Bagherian kalat 1
  • Esmail Filekesh 1
  • Alireza Majidi 2

1 PhD Soil Conservation and Watershed Managemant department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Managemant Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran. Iran

چکیده [English]

Marl formations due to their unsuitable physico-chemical properties have low vegetation cover and so are highly erodible. These formations make up about 2000 km2 of lands in Sabzevar and Davarzan areas. In this research, geology, pedology and vegetation cover of marl formations were studied. Geologically, there are two kinds of marl formations consisting salty and red gypsiferous marls. Marly lands in southern aspects usually have no vegetation but in northern aspects the vegetation varies between 0 to 27 percent. Three vegetation communities consisting of Salsola aucheri, Artemisia seiberi and Ephedra intermedia are stablished on marly soils. For recognizing soil factors of each vegetation community, studies localized in establishment area of Salsola, Ephedra and Artemisia vegetation types. Many soil profils were dug. Soil samples were taken from depth between zero and 40 cm of marly soils and were analyzed. Results showed that in all plant types with increasing of percent of plant cover from 0-10 to 10-24 percent, the main soil factors such as EC, pH, gypsum, silt an clay, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, So42-, total Cations and Anions and SAR were decreased and factors such as Organic carbon, N, P. T.N.V, Co3-1 and sand percent were increased. The statistical analysis of data was conducted with the SPSS software. This study showed that Artemisia and Ephedra had the highest and lowest vegetation percentages, respectively. Analyzing of data acording to Duncan Test showed that the differences between plant cover percent in three vegetation communities are very obvious (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the amount of EC and gypsum of  marly soils were important soil factors that had the most roles in establishment of  vegetation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gypsiferous marl
  • Marly soil
  • Physico-chemical properties
  • Plant species
  • Salty marl
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